How does death occur in patients with anthrax?

In the context of anthrax infection, death often occurs due to respiratory failure. This can result from the severe progression of the disease, particularly when inhalation anthrax has occurred. Inhalation anthrax begins with flu-like symptoms and can rapidly progress to severe respiratory distress, resulting in compromised airway function and inadequate gas exchange.

The bacterium Bacillus anthracis produces toxins that can damage tissue and disrupt the respiratory system, leading to pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic mediastinitis. As the disease advances, the patient's ability to breathe effectively deteriorates, ultimately causing respiratory failure.

While other complications such as septic shock can occur, the direct cause of death in many cases of anthrax is predominantly tied to the respiratory manifestations. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of inhalation anthrax helps clarify why respiratory failure is a critical endpoint in the disease process.