What are Mongolian spots?

Mongolian spots are described as bluish or black macules that typically appear on the buttocks or thighs of darker-skinned neonates. These spots are a form of congenital dermal melanocytosis and are caused by the presence of melanocytes that have not migrated completely to the epidermis during fetal development. They are more prevalent in infants with darker skin tones and may vary in size and shape.

These markings are harmless and usually fade over time, often disappearing by the time the child reaches school age. Recognizing Mongolian spots is important for healthcare providers and caregivers to differentiate them from bruises or other skin conditions, thus preventing unnecessary concern or investigations.