What characteristic distinguishes cephalohematoma from caput succedaneum?

Cephalohematoma is characterized by a collection of blood between the skull and the periosteum, which is a membrane that covers the outer surface of the bones. One of the defining features of cephalohematoma is that it does not cross suture lines. This is a direct consequence of its location; the periosteum only covers the individual bones of the skull, and its attachment to these bones means that the swelling is limited to the area over the affected cranial bone, respecting the boundaries set by the sutures.

In contrast, caput succedaneum refers to swelling of the soft tissues of the head that occurs as the infant passes through the birth canal and is associated with associated edema. This condition can cross over suture lines as it involves soft tissue rather than being confined to the periosteum. The ability of caput succedaneum to cross suture lines is a critical distinguishing factor in clinical assessments.

Understanding this distinction helps healthcare professionals accurately diagnose and manage these two conditions commonly seen in newborns, associated with different underlying mechanisms and implications for the child.