Which cranial nerve is primarily affected by the ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides?

The correct answer is cranial nerve 8, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve. Aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics, can cause ototoxicity, which primarily affects the auditory and vestibular functions mediated by this nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain.

When aminoglycosides are administered, they may lead to damage in the hair cells of the cochlea and the vestibular system, resulting in symptoms such as hearing loss or balance issues. This identification is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients receiving these medications, as early intervention can prevent or minimize irreversible damage to hearing and balance functions.

Other cranial nerves listed do not typically engage with the ototoxic effects of these antibiotics. For example, cranial nerve 7 is responsible for facial movements and taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, cranial nerve 10 is involved in autonomic functions and reflex actions, and cranial nerve 12 controls movements of the tongue. Each of these performs distinct functions unrelated to the auditory or vestibular systems that are primarily impacted by ototoxic medications.